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PLEURAL
PLAQUES DECISION 27TH NOVEMBER 2005
Court of Appeal ruling
in the pleural plaques test cases.
What does it mean for claimants and support groups?
The Court of Appeal has decided that people with pleural plaques
should not receive any compensation.
This fact sheet is intended as a summary of the decision of
the Court and what it means for claimants. It shouldn’t
be relied upon as legal advice.
What are Pleural
Plaques?
Pleural plaques are areas of scarring which form on the lining
of the lung and are commonly associated with a history of
asbestos exposure. Pleural plaques rarely cause any symptoms
and do not in themselves progress into any more serious type
of asbestos related disease. But people with pleural plaques
usually suffer anxiety about the consequences for their health.
The level of asbestos exposure needed to cause pleural plaques
gives rise to an increased risk (usually between 1% - 5%)
that the sufferer may develop disabling and sometimes fatal
asbestos related illnesses.
What’s the background to the test cases?
In 2005 the insurance industry decided to challenge the compensation
claims in a test case for a group of men with pleural plaques.
The High Court rejected this challenge and upheld the right
of people with pleural plaques to claim compensation. It said
that the right to claim was for a combination of three factors
that arise from a diagnosis of pleural plaques:
- The existence of
the scarring.
- The increased risk
of development of a sometimes fatal disease.
- The anxiety caused
by the knowledge of asbestos exposure and the increased
risks
What did the Court of Appeal decide?
The Court of Appeal (CA) overturned the High Court decision.
Two of the three CA judges said that pleural plaques were
not an injury. They decided that if the three factors that
were recognised by the High Court were not compensatable individually
then they couldn’t be added together to justify compensation.
In effect they suggested that pleural plaques were trivial
injuries. By a majority decision of two to one the CA accepted
the insurance companies’ arguments that included:
- People were being
encouraged to bring claims which were stressful;
- That the costs of
bringing the claims could be greater than the compensation,
and even; that the right to get compensation shouldn’t
depend upon a claimant’s ‘good fortune’
of developing pleural plaques whilst other
workers who had also been exposed to asbestos but did not
have pleural plaques would not have a claim.
Lady Justice Smith
- Lady Justice Smith
dissented stating that she did not accept that pleural plaques
are a ‘trivial injury’. It was a real injury
that brought with it worry about the future.
- She pointed out that
for over 20 years courts have accepted that people with
pleural plaques have had a valid claim.
- There was no evidence
that the legal costs of bringing a claim were disproportionate.
- In her opinion justice
demanded that people with pleural plaques be compensated.
What does this mean
for people with claims?
The judgment brings to an end 20 years of legal decisions
and means that compensation is no longer payable in pleural
plaques claims. As the judgement stands it will reap a substantial
windfall saving of millions of pounds for the insurance industry
and leaves people with a condition, which is almost always
caused by exposure to asbestos, by the negligence of employers,
with no right to compensation.
Appeal to the House of Lords
The Court of Appeal accepted that the issues should be considered
by a higher court and they allowed the Claimants to appeal
to the House of Lords. RASAG understands that it could take
up to two years for that case to be heard by the House of
Lords.
What happens in the meantime?
RASAG is aware that people who have
been diagnosed with pleural plaques will be confused by the
decision and will need advice and assistance. Anyone who has
been diagnosed with pleural plaques can receive free and confidential
advice from a RASAG volunteer.
Anyone who has Pleural Plaques or who
has been affected in any way by asbestos-related disease should
call RASAG on 0113 231 1010 for Advice and Support.
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